“The warning lights that the Government is flashing around climate change, racism, world poverty and the legacy of empire as topics of exploration are more likely to decrease students’ engagement with learning than to stimulate it,” Dr Bousted added.

Officials at the DfE started drawing up new guidance for schools on how to uphold political impartiality last spring in the wake of the Israel-Gaza conflict.

Ministers warned at the time that an “atmosphere of intimidation or fear” was at risk of emerging in some schools, with certain students and teachers targeted by anti-Semitic bullying.

Under the Education Act 1996, teachers have a legal duty to uphold impartiality in the classroom, but this is the first time detailed guidance has been issued.

‘Deterring open discussions’ in the classroom

The main union representing head teachers also cautioned against “deterring open discussions” in the classroom.

Geoff Barton, the general secretary of the Association of School and College Leaders, said: “The vast majority of teachers are very good at managing these discussions in a way that is balanced and impartial. We welcome anything which helps them to navigate this difficult territory.

“However, we are keen that this should not be over-prescriptive as it could have the unintended consequence of deterring open discussions.”

The guidance also explains that, when teaching younger children about “significant political figures” including those with “controversial” aspects, schools should focus on the facts and steer clear of more complex arguments about their legacies.

“Discussions about these matters might be reserved for older pupils who are more likely to be able to understand and engage in this debate and develop a balanced understanding of opposing views,” the guidance added.

It is understood that figures such as Sir Winston Churchill, Lord Nelson and James Watt, the steam engine pioneer – all of whom have come under fire in recent times for their links to imperialism or slavery – could fall into this category.

Mr Zahawi said: “Clearer guidance on political impartiality is just one part of my wider work to give children the best possible education as the Government continues to prioritise skills, schools and families, to enable young people to reach the full height of their potential.”