Of the report, the Duke said: “For the better part of a year, we at the Aspen Commission have met regularly to debate, discuss, and draft solutions to the mis- and disinformation crisis, which is a global humanitarian issue.

“I hope to see the substantive and practical recommendations of our Commission taken up by the tech industry, the media industry, by policymakers, and leaders. This affects not some of us, but all of us.”

A letter from the co-chairs of the Aspen Commission report, which includes US journalist Katie Couric, at the start of the report states: “Information disorder makes any health crisis more deadly. It slows down our response time on climate change. It undermines democracy.

“It creates a culture in which racist, ethnic, and gender attacks are seen as solutions, not problems.

“Today, mis- and disinformation have become a force multiplier for exacerbating our worst problems as a society. Hundreds of millions of people pay the price, every single day, for a world disordered by lies.”

The recommendations have been broken down into a number of key areas focusing on increasing transparency, building trust and reducing harm.