China has already been trying to incorporate technologies such as AI and big data to transform the way its legal system works. 

In 2017, authorities launched the country’s first cyber court, which allows parties in “digital”-related cases such as e-commerce to appear via video chat in front of virtual AI judges. While the idea is to speed up hearings and help the system deal with larger caseloads, real human judges still monitor what happens and make the key rulings. 

In 2016, Chinese prosecutors started using an AI tool to evaluate evidence and assess the level of danger a suspect poses to the public.

But existing AI tools don’t have a role in the decision-making process of filing charges and suggesting punishments, according to Shi and his colleagues. 

The team said their machine would become more powerful with upgrades and be able to recognize less common crimes and file multiple charges against a single suspect. 

An unnamed prosecutor in the southern Chinese city of Guangzhou told the South China Morning Post that while the machine had a reported accuracy of 97 per cent, “there will always be a chance of a mistake.”

“Who will take responsibility when it happens? The prosecutor, the machine or the designer of the algorithm?” the prosecutor aked. 

Apart from the legal push, Chinese authorities have also been trying to use AI in various other sectors to improve efficiency and strengthen government oversight.

US officials have expressed concerns that China’s AI and similar ambitions could eventually give Beijing a critical edge in military, health care and other key sectors. 

In October, the Pentagon’s former software chief told the Financial Times that China had already won the AI battle with the U.S. and was heading towards global dominance.